A practical 2026 guide to patent litigation in Italy: the national specialised business courts, the Milan Unified Patent Court, remedies, the opt-out decision, and how long a case takes.
PCT National Phase in Switzerland: 6 Smart Steps
A practical guide to entering the PCT national phase in Switzerland: the 30-month deadline, languages, IPI examination, fees, and where you enforce the patent.
PCT National Phase in Sweden: Avoid the 31-Month Trap
An attorney-written guide to entering the PCT national phase in Sweden — the 31-month deadline, the direct PRV route versus the Euro-PCT route, translations, fees and what happens if you miss it.
How to File a Patent in Italy: 3 Proven Routes (2026)
The three real routes to an Italian patent — a national UIBM filing, a validated European patent, or the direct PCT national phase reopened in 2020 — with costs, deadlines and how the patent is enforced through the Milan courts and the UPC.
How to File a Patent in Spain: A Complete 2026 Guide
The three real routes to a Spanish patent — a national OEPM filing, a validated European patent, or the PCT national phase — with examination, costs, deadlines and how rights are enforced.
How to File a Patent in Switzerland: 3 Smart Routes
A patent attorney’s guide to the three real routes for filing a patent in Switzerland, what each costs, and the deadlines you cannot miss.
PCT National Phase in France: A Proven 31-Month Guide
How the PCT national phase in France really works: why there is no French national route, the 31-month EPO deadline, what happens if you miss it, and how the granted patent takes effect in France.
How to File a Patent in South Africa: 7 Key Steps
A practical, step-by-step guide to filing a patent in South Africa through CIPC — deadlines, costs, the non-examination trap, and how to enter the national phase.
Brief Description of the Drawings: 7 Proven Rules
A drafting guide to the specification section that names your figures: what 37 CFR 1.74 requires, the single-view trap in 37 CFR 1.84(u), design practice under 37 CFR 1.152, and what changed in Europe when Rule 46 EPC was deleted.
Validating a European Patent in Switzerland: A 2026 Guide
A practical, 2026 guide to validating a European patent in Switzerland: no translation, no fee, one right for two countries, and a specialist court to enforce it.
Design Patent Broken Lines: 7 Proven Rules for Claim Scope
Solid lines claim, broken lines disclaim. A practitioner’s guide to getting design patent broken lines right under 37 CFR 1.152 and MPEP 1503.02.
How to File a Patent in Netherlands: 6 Smart Routes
A practical guide to how to file a patent in Netherlands – the national, European and PCT routes, the mandatory novelty search, the no-examination grant and costs.
PCT National Phase in Germany: 7 Essential Steps
A practical, deadline-by-deadline guide to entering the PCT national phase in Germany at the DPMA – translation, fees, examination and the EP alternative.
Patent Litigation in Sweden: How Enforcement Really Works
Where patent disputes are heard in Sweden, how invalidity is raised, what a case costs, and how the Nordic-Baltic UPC division changes the picture.
PCT National Phase in United Kingdom: 6 Smart Steps
A practitioner’s 2026 guide to entering the PCT national phase in the United Kingdom — the 31-month deadline, the UKIPO route versus the European route, current fees, translation rules, and the late-entry lifeline.
How to File a Patent in Sweden: 3 Smart Routes
A route-by-route guide to filing a Swedish patent, a national PRV filing, a validated European patent, or the PCT national phase, with the fees, language rules, deadlines and courts that matter.
Validating a European Patent in Sweden: Complete 2026 Guide
How to make a granted European patent take effect in Sweden — the translation you owe the PRV, the three-month clock, the fees, and whether to take the classical or Unitary route.
Validating a European Patent in the Netherlands: 7-Step 2026 Guide
A practical 2026 guide to validating a European patent in the Netherlands – the short claims-translation window, the modest fees, renewal costs, and how the right is enforced at The Hague and the UPC.
Patent Litigation in France: Complete 2026 Guide
A 2026 guide to patent litigation in France – the Paris court’s exclusive jurisdiction, non-bifurcated trials, the saisie-contrefacon seizure, the UPC’s Paris seat, and realistic timelines and costs.
Validating a European Patent in France: 6 Essential Steps
A practical guide to validating a European patent in France – why no translation is needed, what you pay INPI, and whether the UPC or the Paris court hears a dispute.